[docker] 이미지 받고 실행하기 / 빌드 후 실행하기

다루는 명령어

docker pull
docker images

docker ps
docker ps -a

docker run -d
docker run -d --name node-app
docker run -d --name node-app -p {host_port}:{container_port}

docker stop {container_id}
docker start{container_id}

docker build -t {container_name}:{tag} .
docker exec -it
docker logs

---

이미지 받기

이미지는 docker hub에서 받을 수 있다. 단, 회사에서 사용하는 private registry에서도 받을 수 있다.

보안상 이슈로 private registry에서 사용하는게 좋다. 회사내에서 보안팀이 검수한 이미지를 사용

 

명령어

docker pull {name}:{tag}

 

 

실습

nginx 이미지 받기

~ docker pull nginx:1.23

~ docker images
REPOSITORY                                          TAG                    IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx                                               1.23                   b005e88565d7   12 months ago   135MB

 

 

nginx 최신버전 받기

~ docker pull nginx 

~ docker images
REPOSITORY                                          TAG                    IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx                                               latest                 705b7f60fea5   4 days ago      193MB
nginx                                               1.23                   b005e88565d7   12 months ago   135MB

 

 

이미지 띄우기 (컨테이너 실행)

docker run {image}:{tag}

 

실습

컨테이너 실행

➜  ~ docker run nginx:1.23
➜  ~ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                        COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
01db922bcae7   nginx:1.23                   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   35 seconds ago   Up 33 seconds   80/tcp    eloquent_hoover

 

 

background 실행

➜  ~ docker run -d nginx:1.23
f5cb95774fdd86c6867401b2ba5f850b40ea5c4b0475dd6ae4c6ce497c46414f


➜  ~ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                        COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
f5cb95774fdd   nginx:1.23                   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   30 seconds ago   Up 29 seconds   80/tcp    tender_joliot

 

이미지가 로컬에 없더라도 실행가능 (외부 registry에서 받아와서 실행)

➜  ~ docker run -d nginx:1.22-alpine

Unable to find image 'nginx:1.22-alpine' locally
1.22-alpine: Pulling from library/nginx
c41833b44d91: Pull complete
871f52f2d8c5: Pull complete
b94fc67712d4: Pull complete
a12426eacd50: Pull complete
0ff84bd0545a: Pull complete
e1169f8a74eb: Pull complete
ebadb19b9fa4: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8745c93f1a1c33a8ec8c82707b9bb1c8fe9ebf2b5d82e9480e78625d809855a1
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.22-alpine
c89ca6bd468140629ceb83b6ecb67ff6340587627dc1e28b75ec88c422867db3

 

 

로그보기

docker logs {containerid}

 

실습

➜  ~ docker logs f5cb95774fdd

/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2024/06/03 08:55:42 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2024/06/03 08:55:42 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.23.4
2024/06/03 08:55:42 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6)
2024/06/03 08:55:42 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 6.6.14-0-virt
2024/06/03 08:55:42 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2024/06/03 08:55:42 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2024/06/03 08:55:42 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 29
2024/06/03 08:55:42 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 30
➜  ~

 

container 종료

docker stop {container}

 

실습

➜  ~ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                        COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
c89ca6bd4681   nginx:1.22-alpine            "/docker-entrypoint.…"   30 seconds ago   Up 29 seconds   80/tcp    silly_lalande
f5cb95774fdd   nginx:1.23                   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 minutes ago    Up 4 minutes    80/tcp    tender_joliot

➜  ~ docker stop c89ca6bd4681
c89ca6bd4681

➜  ~ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                        COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
f5cb95774fdd   nginx:1.23                   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   34 minutes ago   Up 34 minutes   80/tcp    tender_joliot

 

 

port binding

외부 통신을 하기위해 호스트의 포트와 컨테이너 포트를 1:1 매핑 시킴

 

-p ${host_port}:${container_port}

 

 

실습

nginx 컨테이너를 실행하는데 호스트 포트 9000으로 들어오는 요청을 컨터이너 80포트에 넘긴다.

➜  ~ docker run -d -p 9000:80 nginx:1.23
31e5a41f4758b7461a2e7e6281eeba3d5e111e9b4c1f844fe8a5f6e17537200f
➜  ~ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                        COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
31e5a41f4758   nginx:1.23                   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 seconds ago   Up 6 seconds   0.0.0.0:9000->80/tcp, :::9000->80/tcp   lucid_kilby

 

 

http://localhost:9000/

 

 

컨테이너 시작

run 명령어를 사용 하면 같은 이미지에 새로운 컨테이너가 만들어짐

그래서 start를 이용해서 기존에 사용했던 컨테이너를 실행할 수 있음

 

docker start ${contianer_id}

 

 

실습

➜  ~ docker stop 31e5a41f4758
31e5a41f4758

➜  ~ docker start 31e5a41f4758
31e5a41f4758

 

 

container 이름설정

이름 설정을 안하면 docker가 임의로 이름을 설정합니다.

그래서 이름을 설정해두면 관리가 더 편하다

 

--name ${name}

 

➜  ~ docker run -d --name web-app -p 9000:80 nginx:1.23
5df0eb9234fdbe56a95666d54b2b28e3d3785a74c19085a9e9799d672f0dc57e

➜  ~ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                        COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
5df0eb9234fd   nginx:1.23                   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds   0.0.0.0:9000->80/tcp, :::9000->80/tcp   web-app

➜  ~ docker logs web-app
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2024/06/03 09:38:26 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2024/06/03 09:38:26 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.23.4
2024/06/03 09:38:26 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6)
2024/06/03 09:38:26 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 6.6.14-0-virt
2024/06/03 09:38:26 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2024/06/03 09:38:26 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2024/06/03 09:38:26 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 29
2024/06/03 09:38:26 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 30
➜  ~

 

 

Docker 이미지 만들기

Dockerfile 파일 생성 후 workflow 작성

 - base image를 참고

 - COPY: image에서 필요한 파일 복사

 - WORKDIR: image 내에 어디서 명령어가 실행되어야 하는지 설정

 - CMD: docker container를 실행하기 위한 명령어, 딱 한번 실행되어야 함

FROM node:20.14-alpine

COPY package.json /apps/
COPY server.js /apps/

WORKDIR /apps

RUN npm install
CMD ["node", "server.js"]

 

 

이미지 빌드 명령어

// Dockerfile 경로에서
docker build -t node-app:1.0 .

 

 

빌드 확인

➜  docker images                 
REPOSITORY                                          TAG                    IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
node-app                                            1.0                    e2b53833363e   4 minutes ago   159MB
nginx                                               latest                 705b7f60fea5   4 days ago      193MB

 

 

container shell 접근

~ docker exec -it ${container_id} sh